Speed Freak Killers Wesley Shermantine & Loren Herzog

Wesley Shermantine and Loren Herzog  were dubbed the Speed Freak Killers after a 15-year methamphetamine drug-induced killing spree that began in 1984 and ended in 1999. Childhood Friends Loren Herzog and Wesley Shermantine, Jr. were childhood friends, having grown up on the same street in the small farming town of Linden, California. Shermantines father was a successful contractor who showered Wesley with material things throughout his young life. He was also an avid hunter and would often take both boys hunting and fishing until they were old enough to go on their own. The boys spent much of their childhood exploring the hills, rivers, rocks and the mineshafts of San Joaquin County. Serial Killers Emerge Herzog and Shermantine remained best friends through high school and into adulthood. It seems that what one did the other did including bullying, hard drinking, and eventually serious drugging. After high school they shared an apartment for a while in nearby Stockton and their involvement in drugs, especially methamphetamine, escalated. Together their behavior spiraled downward and a dark side emerged. Everyone who brushed by them was a potential victim and they managed to literally get away with murder for years. Murderous Rampage Investigators now believe that Herzog and Shermantine began murdering people when they were around 18 or 19 years old, however, it is possible it started earlier. It was later determined that they were responsible for the cold-blooded murder of friends and strangers alike. Why they murdered seemed to be determined by what they needed - sex, money, or simply for the thrill of the hunt. They seemed to wallow in their evil and at times they would make comments that alluded to the danger that those who crossed them might find. Shermantine was known for bragging to his family and friends about making people disappear in Stockton. During an attack on a woman he allegedly tried to rape, he pushed her head to the ground and told her she should listen to the heartbeats of people Ive buried here. Listen to the heartbeats of families Ive buried here. The two were arrested in March 1999 for suspicion of the  murder of two girls who were missing. Chevelle Chevy Wheeler, 16, had been missing since October 16, 1985, and Cyndi Vanderheiden, 25, vanished on November 14, 1998. Once in custody the childhood bond that Herzog and Shermantine quickly dissolved. 17-Hour Interrogation The San Joaquin detectives began what turned out to be an intensive 17-hour interrogation of Loren Herzog, most of which was videotaped. Herzog quickly turned on his best friend, describing Shermantine as a cold-blooded killer who would kill for no reason. He told detectives that Shermantine was responsible for at least 24 murders. He described an incident when Shermantine shot a hunter who they ran into while they were on vacation in Utah in 1994. Utah police confirmed that a hunter was shot to death, but that it was still classified as an unsolved murder. He also said that Shermantine was responsible for killing Henry Howell who was found parked off the road with his teeth and head bashed in. Herzogs said that he and Shermantine passed Howell parked on the highway and that Shermantine stopped, grabbed his shotgun, and killed Howell and then robbed what little money he had. Herzog also said that Shermantine killed Howard King and Paul Raymond in 1984. Tire marks matching his truck were found at the scene. He gave specific details as to how Chevelle Wheeler, Cyndi Vanderheiden, and Robin Armtrout were kidnapped, raped and killed and said that during it all he just watched. Ready to Head Home One can only speculate as to the truth in what Herzog told detectives. All of what he said was self-serving, with the intent of making it out that Shermantine was the killer, the monster, and he (Herzog) was another one of Shermantines victims. When asked why he never stopped Shermantine or called the police, he said he was scared. It was later said that Herzog really expected to be released after the interrogation so that he could return home to his wife and children, knowing that Shermantine would no longer be a danger to him. Of course, that did not happen, at least not right away. The Interrogation of Shermantine Shermantine had little to say during the 1999 interrogation. He told investigators that on the night that Vanderheiden went missing that he met Herzog at a bar, had some drinks, played pool and spoke briefly to Cyndi Vanderheiden. He said in fact that he barely noticed her and that she left an hour before he left to go home. It was not until he saw the tapes of what Herzog told the interrogators that Shermantine began to do his own form of finger-pointing. He told reporters, ...If Loren can give details about all these murders, it must mean hes the one that did them. Im innocent...With everything Loren told detectives, Id bet my life there were other bodies out there. On Trial for Murder Wesley Shermantine was charged with the first-degree murder of Chevy Wheeler, Cyndi Vanderheiden, Paul Cavanaugh, and Howard King. During Shermantines trial, right before the sentencing phase, he agreed to tell officials where the bodies of four of Shermantines victims could be found in exchange for $20,000, but no deal was ever made. Prosecutors offered to remove the death penalty from the table if he gave them information on where they could find the bodies, but he turned them down. He was found guilty of the four murders and given the death penalty. He now resides on death row in San Quentin State Prison. Loren Herzog was charged with murdering Cyndi Vanderheiden, Howard King, Paul Cavanaugh, Robin Armtrout and to the accessory to the murder of Henry Howell. He was found not guilty of being an accessory to the murder of Henry Howell, acquitted in the murder of Robin Armtrout, but was found guilty of first-degree murder of Cyndi Vanderheiden, Howard King, and Paul Cavanaugh. He was given a 78-year sentence. Herzog Conviction Overturned In August 2004, a state appeals court overturned Herzogs conviction, saying that police coerced his confession during the long interrogation sessions. They also said that the police ignored Herzogs rights to remain silent, deprived him of food and sleep and delayed his arraignment for four days. A new trial was ordered, but Herzogs lawyers worked out a plea deal with prosecutors. Herzog agreed to plead guilty to manslaughter in the Vanderheiden case and to being an accessory to the murders of King, Howell, ​and Cavanaugh. He also accepted a charge of giving Vanderheiden methamphetamine. In exchange, ​he received a 14-year sentence with credit for time served. Herzog was out on parole on September 18, 2010, as scheduled. He was sent to a modular home inside the High Desert State Prison grounds in Lassen County, around 200 miles from Stockton away from many of the relatives of his victims and those who testified against him in court. The citizens of Lassen County were livid at the thought of such a person being placed in their community. Safety measures were taken to protect the community from the new resident. Condition of Parole Even though Herzog had been paroled from prison he was still under the watchful eyes of the authorities. The conditions of his parole were: He was required to wear a GPS bracelet that alerted his parole officer if he went more than 150 feet from his small fifth-wheel trailer.He and all visitors had to check in and out with a gatehouse operator.He could not leave his trailer between the hours of 8:30 p.m. to 5:30 a.m. and from 1:30 to 3:30 p.m.Because of the tight restrictions, ​he was not required to work. Basically, he was out of prison, isolated and alone, and still under the watchful eye of prison authorities. Shermantines Revenge? Some say he needed money for candy bars, others say he couldnt stand the thought of Herzog being set free, but either way in December 2011 Wesley Shermantine offered again to reveal the locations of the bodies of several victims in exchange for money. He referred to the areas as Herzogs party area and continued to deny responsibility for murdering anyone. Bounty hunter Leonard Padilla agreed to pay him $33,000. Herzog Commits Suicide On Jan. 17, 2012, Loren Herzog was found dead hanging in his trailer. Leonard Padilla said he spoke with Herzog earlier in the day to warn him to get a lawyer because Shermantine was turning over maps of where they buried the bodies of their victims. Herzog left behind a suicide note that said, Tell my family I love them. Painted in Hate An autopsy of Loren Herzog was performed and in the report, the various tattoos found on his body was described in detail. Reportedly much of his skin was covered in satanic images including skulls and flames. Running down the length of his left legs were the words, Made And Fueled by Hate and Restrained By Reality and on his right foot was a tattoo that read, Made The Devil Do It. Serial Killers Keep Killing Investigators have long said that the Speed Freak Killers were probably responsible for at least 24 or more murders. It is highly unlikely that the duo killed in 1984 then stopped and did not kill again until November 14, 1998. If anything the number of murders from serial killers increase as time goes on as does their confidence in their ability to outsmart the police. Both killers pointed to the other one and said that they were cold-blooded, but it is doubtful that the true number of victims that died at the hands of these killers will ever be known. Burial Sites Disclosed In February 2012, Shermantine provided maps to five burial sites where he said some of Herzogs victims would be found. Referring to an area near San Andreas as Herzogs boneyard investigators found the remains of Cyndi Vanderheiden and Chevelle Wheeler. Investigators also found almost 1,000 human bone fragments in an old abandoned well as they excavated one of five burial sites marked on Sermantines map. Shermantine turned over the maps after bounty hunter Leonard Padilla agreed to pay him $33,000. Holding the Best for Last In March 2012, Shermantine wrote a letter to a local television station in Sacramento where he claims he can lead investigators to more of Herzogs victims and a third man involved in the murders. He claimed that there are as many as 72 victims. But he said until Leonard Padilla pays him the $33,000 that he said he would pay, he will not give the information up. I really want to believe in Leonard, but I have these doubts hell come through, which is a shame because Ive been holding the best for last, Shermantine wrote.

The Death Of The Cold War - 1263 Words

Think if you were in Nagasaki, And you watched your home get destroyed if you were lucky you may have died right away. Nevermind, the ones who die right away are the lucky ones the others will have radiation poisoning which will cause all types of cancers. And it will affect families for generation to come And not only will it affect humans it will affect animals. Also the bomb didn’t just destroy people it destroyed the landscape, building, houses, anything in its radius. Although it wasn’t all bad as it did open us up to different power opportunities, although even then it can still cause problems a lot of problems including the nuclear race. Eventually, it will be scary just to go outside if there is a world war there will be nuked.†¦show more content†¦When the bomb dropped it killed 100,000 instantly and another 100,000 wounded from the bomb. More than 90 percent of the city was destroyed the survivors from the first bomb said all they remembered was a b rilliant light, whiter than any white they have ever seen. It was like millions upon millions of flashbulbs going off at once. Few recalled hearing any noise. All those families dead, just think if the war never happened. Or that they beat us to the nuclear bomb and that happened the us. And they would probably would bomb new York first since its such a big city now for devastation. When an atomic bomb explodes it creates a shock wave. So powerful it can lift people of the ground from a mile away and hurl them through the air. This is followed by a heat wave so hot it makes things spontaneously combust and literally vaporize people if they re close enough. When little boy exploded over Nagasaki, the entire city seemed to disintegrate. Buildings were falling and fires appearing out of nowhere it was estimated the point the bomb exploded the temperature exceeded 10,000 degrees. Heat engulfed the city. Within minutes the sky that was bright turned dark. As thousands of people wandered the streets dazed, burned and bleeding a giant cloud covered Nagasaki. The radioactive fallout had begun. People who survived the first bomb were terribly injured and illnesses from the enormous amount of radiation that fell on the cities. The atomic bomb dropped on the caused

Csr in Inidan Banking Sector free essay sample

State regulatory bodies, NGOs, media, customers have significantly addressed social responsibility issues in banking sector. International organization such as World Bank also exerts pressures on banks to analyze social and environmental risk involved in projects to be financed. In addition the reputation and resultant profitability of an organization are greatly effected by their CSR activities. Researchers have found a positive correlation between CSR and financial performance of the organization. Around the globe, a good commitment is being shown by the banking industry to CSR principles. Banks are showing conscious efforts to reduce the regulatory actions by depicting a good environmental citizen image. Banking in India has originated in the last decades of the 18th century with the establishment of General Bank of India in 1786, and the Bank of Hindustan set up in 1870 (both banks are now defunct). At present, the commercial banking structure in India consists of Scheduled Commercial Banks Unscheduled Banks. We will write a custom essay sample on Csr in Inidan Banking Sector or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Banking in India has evolved in four distinct phases: Foundation phase, Expansion phase, consolidation phase and Reforms phase. An integrated approach of combining CSR with the ultimate customer satisfaction is being adopted by Indian banking industry voluntarily. An attempt has been initiated to ensure social responsible behavior of banking sector in a more systematic manner. Public and private sector banks have common thrust areas which are children welfare, community welfare, education, environment, healthcare, poverty eradication, rural development, vocational training, women’s empowerment, protection to girl child, employment. The core areas for reporting CSR activities are slightly different in both public and private sector banks. The major areas investigated for reporting CSR activities in public and private sector banks is shown by the Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively below: X axis in the below charts represents the fields of CSR activities and Y axis represents the number of banks working in the particular fields out of the selected sample. Figure 1: Core thrust areas for reported CSR activities in public sector banks Source: 1-IJAEBM-Volume-No-1-Issue-No-2-CSR-Practices-and-CSR-Reporting-in-Indian-Banking-Sector-058-066 As per the chart above rural development has been the ost actively participated activity for Indian public sector banks. Besides, their primary focus has been on gender equality through women empowerment. Figure 2: Core thrust areas for reported CSR activities in private sector banks Source: 1-IJAEBM-Volume-No-1-Issue-No-2-CSR-Practices-and-CSR-Reporting-in-Indian-Banking-Sector-058-066 Enhancing the level of education and employment has been the major areas for reporting CSR activities i n Indian private sector bank. Following are community welfare, programs for child welfare and protection of environment. 3. 1 RBI guidelines on CSR: On December 20, 2007 RBI circulated a notice for all the scheduled commercial banks to highlight the role of banks in corporate social responsibility, with title â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development and Non-Financial Reporting – Role of Banks†. Major issues discussed in the notice were regarding – 1. Corporate Social Responsibility 2. Sustainable Development 3. Non-Financial Reporting Talking about the corporate social responsibility program RBI followed many international initiatives to highlight the importance of the notice like – 1. United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) 2. They can achieve the mission by supporting initiatives that are * Cost effective * Capable of large-scale replication * Measurable * Having potential for both near and long-term impact. * Banks must provide appropriate training to its employees on environmental and social risks in lending to ensure that climate change is taken into account in corporate banking decisions. 6. Conclusion The CSR moment in the banking sector is slowing picking the pace. Many banks are showing their inclination and interest towards the CSR activities and believe it as their social responsibility. On the other side CSR reporting practices are far from satisfaction. There are hardly few banks which report their activities on triple bottom line principles. The lack of uniform standards for rating CSR practices leads to problem in comparison of corporate houses and difficulty in determining the CSR rating. In spite of the slow adaptation of CSR reporting practices in India, it is predicted to pick up a great pace in near future. The need for enacting some stringent regulatory provisions to ensure adherence to social responsibility principles is necessary. https://ru.scribd.com/doc/19779226/CSR-PROGRAM-IN-BANKING-SECTOR-AN-INDIAN-PERSPECTIVE http://www.karmayog.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility

The Pleasure of Books free essay sample

William Lyon Phelps was a brilliant writer and teacher who treasured books and understood the significance of how the printed word can affect a person. Phelps co-taught at Harvard, and then moved to Yale to teach an English class full time. He was given countless awards for his strong intellect such as Life magazine doing an overview of his whole life, founding the Elizabeth club and more. Phelps had given the speech â€Å"The Pleasure of Books† on a radio broadcast in 1933. This speech discusses the importance of books and what role they play in human existence. Phelps uses metaphors and repetition to convince the public that books are a fundamental and essential part of human functions and daily life. Phelps uses metaphors within his speech as a tool to convince the audience of not only the pleasure of books, but the importance of books. While referencing the intimacy that the listener/reader and an old book should have, he connects the revisit of memories going back into a book to visit favorite passages by using a metaphorical bridge â€Å"You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling both the intellectual scenery and your own earlier self. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pleasure of Books or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this excerpt, he uses going through an old forest and recalling pleasurable memories to going back into a story and finding the older, truer part of ones being. Phelps plays off of the human habit of reminiscing to connect books to memories. Phelps also connects acquaintances and friends to the same intimacy levels that books have â€Å"But book-friends have this advantage over living friends; you can enjoy the most truly aristocratic society in the world wherever you want it† (2). Phelps even explains how books are almost better than humans due to easy access and experience. Phelps uses metaphors to create a profile for books that convinces to public of their importance. Phelps uses repetition of certain words to direct certain points about the importance of books. In the beginning of the speech, the mention of â€Å"you†, as in the reader was used 5 separate times. This was done to make the speech personal; to personalize and tailor the speech to each specific person so each listener was personally affected. Also, the word â€Å"Friend† and other positive words like â€Å"pleasure† and â€Å"acquaintance† are repeated within the radio broadcast. This is to make an unconscious association with happy things and books. The title of the speech is the Pleasure of Books, which when referring to the speech itself, you have to use a positive word to reference the speech. Phelps uses repetition to engrave certain words into the listeners mind, so when â€Å"books† are referenced, the positive words come subconsciously and automatically and give the reader pleasure. William Lyon Phelps is a brilliant educator and man. He uses his speech to promote books to the world. To do so, he repeats certain words and ideas to make a subconscious association between books and happiness. Phelps also uses metaphors to connect events and books to the audience can relate to the speech on a personal level. This speech is very effective in convincing the readers that books are a pleasure of life by using reputation and metaphors to further prove his point. Phelps uses metaphors and repetition to convince the public that books are a fundamental and essential part of human functions and daily life. Rather than learning how the books are the pleasure of the reader; the reader learns that books are the pleasure of life.

Free Essays on Martial Arts Helps Children

03/31/2003 â€Å"Vincent Almeroth tried gymnastics. He tried soccer, basketball and baseball, too. But the 11-year-old from Glenview, Ill., is dyslexic, which made it difficult for him to focus on the playing field. There was too much unanticipated movement and interaction with other kids, says his mother, Lisa Terranova. Then three years ago Vincent tried karate. It was an instant hit. His agility and self-confidence improved almost immediately, and his reading has progressed as well. Now the fifth grader is a blue belt. Karate has ‘given him a greater ability to focus and to struggle with things that are difficult,’ says Terranova. Vincent puts it more simply: ‘Karate makes me feel strong and good and happy’† (Greenberg, par. 1). Children today are bombarded with distraction, pre-occupation and recently identified attention deficits that can create behavioral problems as well as learning difficulties. Children often lack the self-assurance needed to face what might otherwise seem insurmountable; or, they are so aggressive they tend to have exaggerated responses to just about any stimuli. With many of our city’s populations growing and our personal space declining, it is easy to understand how our children’s problems have become more apparent to us. Teaching our children to better manage themselves can be accomplished! Through martial arts, children will enhance their confidence as well as their physical and mental control, while becoming better prepared to handle the challenges they will find in society. Parents are often concerned about martial arts being based on aggressive principles. There are important differences, between martial arts and fighting, which are not often distinguished. This distinction does not have to do so much with just knowledge or skill; martial arts are all part of a complete training system, the goal of which is a total remaking of the student’s ... Free Essays on Martial Arts Helps Children Free Essays on Martial Arts Helps Children 03/31/2003 â€Å"Vincent Almeroth tried gymnastics. He tried soccer, basketball and baseball, too. But the 11-year-old from Glenview, Ill., is dyslexic, which made it difficult for him to focus on the playing field. There was too much unanticipated movement and interaction with other kids, says his mother, Lisa Terranova. Then three years ago Vincent tried karate. It was an instant hit. His agility and self-confidence improved almost immediately, and his reading has progressed as well. Now the fifth grader is a blue belt. Karate has ‘given him a greater ability to focus and to struggle with things that are difficult,’ says Terranova. Vincent puts it more simply: ‘Karate makes me feel strong and good and happy’† (Greenberg, par. 1). Children today are bombarded with distraction, pre-occupation and recently identified attention deficits that can create behavioral problems as well as learning difficulties. Children often lack the self-assurance needed to face what might otherwise seem insurmountable; or, they are so aggressive they tend to have exaggerated responses to just about any stimuli. With many of our city’s populations growing and our personal space declining, it is easy to understand how our children’s problems have become more apparent to us. Teaching our children to better manage themselves can be accomplished! Through martial arts, children will enhance their confidence as well as their physical and mental control, while becoming better prepared to handle the challenges they will find in society. Parents are often concerned about martial arts being based on aggressive principles. There are important differences, between martial arts and fighting, which are not often distinguished. This distinction does not have to do so much with just knowledge or skill; martial arts are all part of a complete training system, the goal of which is a total remaking of the student’s ...

Organizational Behavior Motivation Essay Example

Organizational Behavior Motivation Essay Example Organizational Behavior Motivation Essay Organizational Behavior Motivation Essay MGMT 2008 Organisational Behaviour Motivation Theory Throughout the Caribbean, managers are continually challenged to motivate a workforce to do two things: work towards helping the organization achieve its goals, and to work towards achieving their own personal goals. In order to successfully do this, they must first properly understand the concept of motivation. The Websters New Collegiate Dictionary defines a motive as something (a need or desire) that causes a person to act. Motivation, in turn, is defined as the act or process of providing a motive that causes a person to take some action. In most cases motivation comes from some need that leads to behavior that results in some type of reward when the need is fulfilled. Thus, managers have the responsibility of making employees willing to exert high levels of effort, sufficient to achieve their personal needs as well as the organisations goals. Psychologists have studied human motivation extensively and have derived a variety o f theories about what motivates people. These include theories that focus on motivation being a function of 1) employee needs of various types, 2) extrinsic factors, and 3) intrinsic factors. One major needs-based theory was that of Abraham Maslow which focused on satisfying the needs of employees to keep them motivated. Maslow (1954) proposed a hierarchy of needs that progresses from the lowest, subsistence-level needs to the highest level of self- actualization. Once each level has been met, the theory is that an individual will be motivated by and strive to progress to satisfy the next higher level of need. Basically this hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. This hierarchy is most often isplayed as a pyramid with the most basic needs at the lowest levels of the pyramid, while the more complex needs are located at the top. Those needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security. As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the eed for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential, located at the tip of the pyramid. Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are referred to as deficiency needs (also known as D-needs), meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. The highest-level of the pyramid was termed as growth needs (also known as being-needs or a-needs). Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person. Frederick Herzberg (2003) and his Two Factor Theory further modified MasloWs needs theory and consolidated down to two areas of needs that motivated that deal with Job context and lead to Job dissatisfaction (company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, and security); while motivators are those factors that deal with Job content nd lead to Job satisfaction (achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility and growth or advancement). Herzbergs findings revealed that certain characteristics of a Job are consistently related to Job satisfaction, while different factors are associated with Job dissatisfaction. The conclusion he drew is that Job satisfaction and Job dissatisfaction are not opposites. The opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction and the opposite of dissatisfaction is no dissatisfaction. Remedying the causes of dissatisfaction will not create satisfaction. Nor will adding the factors of Job satisfaction eliminate Job dissatisfaction. In order to adequately motivate employees, managers must first removed the sources of Job dissatisfaction and subsequently and those of satisfaction. The search for needs- based motivation theories also leads to McClellands Acquired Needs Theory, which surrounds the idea that needs are acquired throughout life. That is, needs are not genetic, but are learned or developed as a result of ones life experiences (McClelland, 1985). This theory stipulates that there are three major types of needs, hich are the need for achievement (which emphasizes the desires for success, for mastering tasks, and for attaining goals); the need for affiliation (which focuses on the desire for relationships and associations with others); and, the need for power (which relates to the desires for responsibility for, control of, and authority over others). All of these theories approach needs from a somewhat different perspective and are helpful in understanding employee motivation on the basis of needs. However, other theories of motivation also have been posited and require consideration by managers in compiling motivational strategies. Another approach to understanding motivation focuses on external factors and their role in understanding employee motivation. Best known for this is B. F. Skinners (1953) Reinforcement Theory which studied human behavior and proposed that individuals are motivated when their behaviors are reinforced. His theory is comprised of four types of reinforcement. The first two are associated with achieving desirable behaviors, while the last two address undesirable behaviors. Positive reinforcement relates to taking action that rewards positive behaviors; avoidance learning occurs hen actions are taken to reward behaviors that avoid undesirable or negative behaviors. This is sometimes referred to as negative reinforcement. Punishment includes actions designed to reduce undesirable behaviors by creating negative consequences for the individual; and, extincti on represents the removal of positive rewards for undesirable behaviors. Theories that are based on intrinsic factors focus on internal thought processes and perceptions about motivation. Examples of these kinds of theories include Adams Equity Theory which proposes that individuals are otivated when they perceive that they are treated equitably in comparison to others within the organization (Adams, 1963); Vrooms Expectancy Theory which addresses the expectations of individuals and hypothesizes that they are motivated by performance and the expected outcomes of their own behaviors (Vroom, 1964); and, Lockes Goal Setting Theory which hypothesizes that by establishing goals individuals each of these theories deals with a particular aspect of motivation, studies have found it unrealistic to address them in isolation, since these factors often do come nto play in and are important to employee motivation at one time or another. Other approaches to motivation are driven by aspects of management, such as productivity, human resources, and other considerations. The most famous theory in this regard is McGregors Theory X and Theory. Created by Douglas McGregor, this approach again draws upon the work of Herzberg and develops a human resources management approach to motivation. This theory first classifies managers into one of two groups. Theory X managers adopt an authoritarian style and generally believe that the verage person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she can; therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives; and the average person prefers to be directed, to avoid responsibility, is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. Theory Y managers, on the other hand, take a participative management approach and believe that effort in work is as natural as work and play; people will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of unishment; commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement; and people usually accept and often seek responsibility. Altogether, whilst all of the aforementioned theories are helpful in understanding management and motivation from a conceptual perspective, it is important to recognize that most managers draw upon a combination of needs, extrinsic factors, and intrinsic factors in an effort to help motivate employees, to help employees meet their own personal needs and goals, and ultimately to achieve effectiveness and balance within the rganization. Managers should take into account most of the aspects upon which these theories focus, namely expectancy, goal setting, performance, feedback, equity, satisfaction, and commitment for example, when they are developing a motivational strategy for their employees. The literature which surrounds motivation theory suggest a wide range of strategies for managers to implement in seeking to help motivate employees. First off, managers should expect the best from their employees as persons tend to live up to the expectations they and others have of them. (Manton, 2005, p. 292). They should also seek to reward desired behaviours and ensure that rewards are not given for undesirable behaviors and be sure to use many different types of rewards to achieve the desired outcomes (Manton, 2005, p. 295). Allowing subordinates to take responsibility for their own motivation is another strategy. This can be achieved by managers taking steps to deal with problem employees, to understand employees needs, to determine what motivates their employees, to engage employees in the problem-solving process, and to really work hard at resolving, rather than ignoring, difficult employee problems (Nicholson, 2003). Additionally managers show seek to play to the employees strengths, promote high performance, and focus on how they learn. This requires them to know what their employees strengths and weaknesses are, to find out what will be required to get specific employees to perform, and to understand how to capitalize on the ways those employees learn as an alternative method of encouraging and motivating them (Buckingham, 2005). Motivating an employee is a delicate task. Caribbean managers effectively put them in practice. Should these managers place more focus on roviding their employees with sufficient extrinsic rewards for desired performances, there is an increased likelihood that said employees will become motivated. However, creating an environment which facilitates employees satisfaction of intrinsic needs, is equally as important in motivating employees and keeping them motivated. References The Websters New Collegiate Dictionary Herzberg, F. (2003, January). One more time: how do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review. Locke, E. A. , Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Maslow, A. H. 1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper Row. McClelland, D. C. (1985). Human motivation. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley. Adams, J. S. (1963, November). Towards an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. Manton, J. (2005). From management to leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Nicholson, N. (2003, January). How to motivate your problem people. Harvard Business Review. Buckingham, M. (2005, March). What great managers do. Harvard Business Review.

In House Payroll or Outsourcing Payroll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

In House Payroll or Outsourcing Payroll - Essay Example The identifying of two alternatives for pay roll administering was done and the recommendations for picking up one were done according to the needs of the management of NB enterprises. Recommendations were made keeping in view the size of the NB enterprises. The requirements for the option chosen were also mentioned with time bound plan to execute the decision taken. What is Pay roll: Payroll can be termed as a list of employees who receive regular pay from the organization. It is a system through which the employees of an organization are paid. The salary structure, schedules of tax, benefits, allowances, pay frequency and pay dates are the internal parts of the payroll structure If the system is computerized it can be understood as the process that was used by a company to process and pay the salaries of the workers and employees. 1 Identification of two alternatives for maintaining the pay rolls: The pay roll administration can be done in two different ways. First one is to have a payroll Unit in the company which administers over the payments of the employees and prepares the lists regarding the pays and advances. The other method is to outsource all the activities regarding the payments and advances of the employees to company which offers computerised pay roll administration. The outsourcing company renders the needed services as a final output, which depends on the information supplied by the company. According to Vanessa Robinson1 a resourcing adviser, the outsourcing of Pay rolls will give more time to HR personnel to concentrate more on the strategic roles that increase or enhance the performance of the organisation. Some of the advantages are listed as follows: 1. It may reduce costs, but the cost benefit must be analysed by cost effectiveness of other processes. 2. There is a chance to outsource the work to a company having higher expertise in the field of pay roll work. 3. The values of HR can be increased by decreasing the burden of pay roll from the department. The HR department can concentrate more on policy and decision making. 4. The rapid growth in organisation is capable of leaving HR department in a freezing position. This situation can be avoided by outsourcing the pay roll to a payroll bureau. The precautions that should be followed and the disadvantages in outsourcing the pay roll work. 1. The need of outsourcing must be identified accurately. The functions that are suitable for outsourcing differ from company to company. 2. The foremost thing is estimating the cost effectiveness of the outsourcing. If it is not cost effective, it is better to rethink about it. 3. Along with pay roll, some other services like tax effectiveness also must be outsourced in case of outsourcing of pay roll. 4. The level up to which the service has to be outsourced must be estimated accurately. 5. The information supplied to the company to which we outsource the work must be accurate to ensure that the output will be correct. 6. The cost of the service and the time for the services are offered for that price should also be mentioned in the pact. 7. The time allotted to the outsourcing process should be significant to avoid the negligence of staff/manager relationships. Disadvantages of outsourcing the pay roll The details of expenditure on salary and tax encumbrances will be revealed to others. The policy decisions that are taken to avoid tax restrictions on pay rolls must be conveyed to the company. Though the process

Philosophical Conceptions of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophical Conceptions of Justice - Essay Example However, justice, in a universal definition, entails the knowledge of doing right from wrong and making sure people live in the right way together. It is this ‘right’ way of living that brings controversies in describing social justice among nations. This paper discusses a variety of philosophical conceptions of justice with regard to famous philosophers in their definitions of social justice (Ackerman, 1980). John Locke and Thomas Jefferson John Locke lived in the mid seventeenth century as an English Enlightenment philosopher. He argued that our ancestors once lived in a state of nature that had no government or laws. However, as life advanced and civilization came up, people became stratified into various social classes that required the formulation of laws and regulations in order to cater for the less disadvantaged. This also prohibited the oppression of the less fortunate by the more fortunate. He called this idea of the social contract that enabled all citizens ac quire fundamental rights of life, property, and liberty. However, this depended on people’s consent that he said are an active part of the social contract in which they take part depending on their own accord (Chaffee, 2004). Consequently, a twenty first century philosopher, Chaffee, analyses Locke’s writings in addition to other various ancient philosophers. He says that Locke’s theory is political in that he took up Hobbe’s opinion of human equality and the social contract. Furthermore, he also puts Aristotle’s arguments forward that man is naturally a social creature who cannot survive alone. This means that humanity is fundamentally a social identity and that there is no need to put up a system to control our way of life. However, Hobbes described how this natural socialism could lead to relinquishment of certain rights by high status individuals, hence, leading to oppression and injustice. On the other hand, Thomas Jefferson, the third preside nt of the United States was a profound follower of Locke’s arguments. He believed that every human being is equal and that God gave each unique rights, including liberty, life, and the right to be happy and content. He created his government on the basis that it enabled his people to secure these rights. However, the people still held the right to overthrow the government if they felt that its constitution was not in favor of their happiness and safety. As a result, I believe in Locke’s way of thinking that nowadays life requires a body, like the government, that controls the provision and use of resources on the basis that we are all equal regardless of an individual’s social status. This is because it defines true independence (Marx, 1938). Conceptions of justice Liberalism denotes a free way of acting and thinking in public and private life. It focuses on the role of an individual to possess the power to think and act in whatever way that he or she likes. It is a philosophical view based on Aristotle and Plato’s arguments on justice as was recommended by Locke as the key to a just way of life. It rejects state religion, hereditary privilege, and absolute monarchy as notions that favor inequality among the public and private. In the 19th, liberalism advanced to a political ideology called classical liberalism. This liberalism was still based on the initial liberalism ideas although it advocated for political freedom and civil liberties while opposing how the government interfered with economic freedom. On the other hand, socialism describes an economic ideology that entails social possession of resources, including the ways of production of these resources. It also entails mutual organization of the economy that focuses on benefiting the public as a whole instead of

This experiment is designed Essay Example for Free

This experiment is designed Essay This is experiment is designed to approximate i , the coefficient of friction, for two surfaces. We used a piece of rubber on the bottom of a wooden block on a wooden table. Assumptions To undertake this experiment, first I developed an equation allowing a straight line to be plotted from our results. This will test if Coulombs law is correct. The main assumptions made in this experiment are: 1. Acceleration is constant 2. The strings are light and inextensible, and the pulley is light and smooth 3. g, gravity is 9. 8 4. Coulombs law is correct 5. There is no air resistance 6. F=ma These assumptions have different weights in affecting our results. Some are more likely to affect our results, whilst others will only have a small effect. Assumption How strong the effect is on results Acceleration is constant This will have a moderate effect on the results. We can see that the acceleration is not constant. This is because friction does change slightly with velocity, and we are ignoring air resistance Light, inextensible strings In fact the strings do stretch slightly, and do have a small weight. This will affect the results as forces will not be constant during the experiment, and therefore produce irregular acceleration. Light, smooth pulley This will affect the results in the same way as above. We attempted to use the smoothest pulley available, but obviously it can never be perfectly smooth. That the pulley has mass does not affect our results, as we are not dependent on the pulleys mass for our results. Gravity is 9. 8 This will introduce a systematic error into our calculations, but as we will use this assumption for both the results and the model, it will not make a difference for our experiment. Coulombs law is correct This will make a big difference to our results. By assuming that , our calculations are fairly simple. However, this linear model is incorrect. This will affect our results considerably, and may results in a curve being plotted from our results instead of a straight line. No air resistance This will have a mild effect on the results. Because the block of wood and the weights are fairly small, the effects of air resistance are negligible. However there will be a small effect, which again may force the results into a curve rather than a straight line. This assumption will not impact our results very much at all. For macroscopic objects, such as we are dealing with, this law is a very good model. However if we were to repeat the experiment using single atoms for the objects, this would be a bad model. To help overcome these systematic errors, we insured that we had the smoothest pulley, and that the surfaces that we used were consistent. In other words, that the table was the same roughness all the way along it, and that the rubber was the same all over. Manipulating the model When m2 is released m1 accelerates. These two objects can be looked at separately. Using . (1) (2) (3) Using (Coulombs Law) (4) Substituting equation 4 into equation 1 Substituting into equation 3 (5) Assuming constant acceleration (see note above) As Substituting into equation 5 The two variables will be m1 and t. By putting , we can cancel m2 from the equation. Setting k to be 1022g (this is the lowest weight for which it will still move) . This is because otherwise m2 hits the floor. .. 1031. 8 should be 9. 8*1022 This allows us to plot a graph with m1 on the x-axis, and on the y-axis. Comparing the above equation with shows us that the gradient should be , and the y-intercept should be 0. 673. 6. 533333333333333333 Conducting the experiment Again, this diagram shows the layout of the experiment. m2 weighs more than m1. When m2 is released m1 accelerates. In my model I assumed that this acceleration is constant. However in reality this is not true. As mentioned previously, this will affect my results. The weight of m1 presses down on the table as the block accelerates. This causes frictional resistance between the block and the bottom of the table. The coefficient of friction between the rubber on the bottom of the block and the table is denoted by ?. By measuring the time taken to move over a specified distance, and by knowing the weight of the two masses it is possible to calculate ?. Following on from the assumptions above, it is possible to attempt to minimise the effects of these modelling approximations. For instance, if it were possible to ensure constant acceleration then doing this would reduce errors, and make the results more accurate. 1. Ensuring that the pulley was as smooth as possible. 2. Ensuring that the table was of equal roughness all the way along it. 3. Making sure that there is no wind or draughts on the block. 4. Making sure that the string is as inextensible as possible. Variation in experimental results As in every experiment, there is variation in the results. This is because in, real life, there are more than two variables changing. For example, random draughts, inaccuracy in timing, inaccuracy in measuring distance, inaccurate weights and differences in the table surface. The error bars on the graph show this error, with the central line showing an average. Comparison between experimental data and predictions of the model The predictions of the model give a line of the equation y = -1. 37x + 13. 8. This gives ? to be 1. 14. This is a lot bigger than our original estimate. In addition, 13. 8 is approximately twice as big as 6. 53. This shows that our experiment does not follow our original model. This is probably due to our assumption that Coulombs Law is true. This model will produce a straight line. Our results show a subtle curvature, implying a non-linear relationship between F and ? r. Although random variation could have created this curve, it seems that it is due to the inaccurate model of Coulombs Law. If the experiment had been based on a non-linear law then a different set of equations would have been derived which would result in a linear function being plotted. Revision of the process To improve the experiment, it would be better to use light gates to improve accuracy for timing. On the results that we collected, the higher speeds resulted in wider error bounds and thus less accuracy. This is because it was a lot harder to accurately measure these fast times. Measuring the distances we were moving over more accurately would also increase accuracy, as would more accurate measurement of mass. However, accuracy is not the main issue in this experiment. For this experiment, it seems that our model is incorrect, rather than the results. To improve this experiment, our assumptions need to be changed. Most assumptions are fine, but the assumption of Coulombs law is very inaccurate. This assumption of a linear relationship forced our results into a curve. To achieve a more meaningful analysis of these results, we need a better model on which to compare them. However, more accurate models for friction are much more complex and far less simple to use.

The Downy Woodpecker :: Woodpeckers Birds Animals Wildlife Essays

The Downy Woodpecker Habitat Downies take home in the United States and southern Canada. They have been recorded at elevations of up to 9,000 feet. The downies are not deep-forested birds, preferring deciduous trees. Open woodlands, river groves, orchards, swamps, farmland, and suburban backyards are all favorite haunts of the downy. Downies will also nest in city parks. About the only place you won't find them is deserts. The most attractive human dwelling sites are woodlands broken up by logged patches in a waterside area. Downies also enjoy open shrubbery with groves of young deciduous trees. Call(s) Like the hairy woodpecker, the downy beats a tattoo on a dry resonant tree branch. This drumming is the downy's song, though they do make some vocal noises. They have several single-syllable call notes which include tchick, an aggressive social note; a tick and a tkhirrr, which are alarm notes. There is also a location call, known as a "whinny", made up of a dozen or more tchicks all strung together. Scientific Names The downy woodpecker's scientific name is Picoides pubescens. There are also six particular downies with six particular scientific names all from different regions of the United States and southern Canada which I have listed below: southern downy / Dryobates pubescens Gairdner's woodpecker / Gairdneri pubescens Batchelder's woodpecker / Leucurus pubescens northern downy / Medianus pubescens Nelson's downy / Nelsoni pubescens willow woodpecker / Turati pubescens The downy woodpecker is sometimes reffered to as "little downy." Behavior Towards Humans The downy is unquestionably the friendliest woodpecker. A bird lover in Wisconsin described downies at their feeding station: "The downies will back down to the suet container on the basswood tree while I sit only a few feet away on the patio. Even when I walk right up to them, most downies will not fly away, but will simply scoot around the backside of the tree trunk and peek around to see what I am doing. If I press them, they will hop up the backside of the tree trunk and then fly to a higher branch. Food Besides being friendly, downy woodpeckers are our good friends for another reason. Most of the insects they eat are considered destructive to man's orchards and forest products. About 75% of their diet is made up of animal matter gleaned from bark and crevices where insect larvae and eggs lie hidden. While standing on that unique tripod of two legs and and a tail, downies hitch up and down tree trunks in search of a whole laundry list of insect pests. With their special chisel-like bills and horny, sticky tongues, downies are adept at plucking out great numbers of beetle grubs, insect cocoons, or batches of insect

The Return: Midnight Chapter 27

Stefan whirled around and saw Bonnie, with only a towel wrapped around her, trying to physical y restrain Elena, who was similarly clad. Elena's hair was wet and uncombed. Something had caused her to leap out of the bathing pool and run directly into the corridor. Stefan was surprised by Damon's reaction. Was that a spark of alarm in the endlessly dark eyes that had remained impassive watching a thousand disasters, calamities, cruelties? No, it couldn't be. But it certainly looked like one. Elena was getting closer. Her voice rang out clearly through the hal way, which was spacious enough to give it a slight echo. â€Å"Damon! I see you! You wait right there – I'm coming to kill you! â€Å" This time the flicker was unmistakable. Damon glanced at the window, which was partly open. Meanwhile Bonnie had lost the fight and Elena was running like a gazel e toward the office. Her eyes, however, were definitely not doe-like. Stefan saw them glitter dangerously as Elena herself eluded him – mainly because he didn't dare grab her by the towel, and every other part of her was slippery. Elena was now facing Damon, who had risen from his chair. â€Å"How could you?†she cried. â€Å"Using Bonnie like that – Influencing her, drugging her – al to get at what didn't belong to you! Using almost al the Power that was left in Misao's star bal – what did you think Shinichi would do when you did that? He came after us, that's what he did – and who knows if the boardinghouse is Stillstanding?† Damon opened his mouth, but Elena wasn't finished. â€Å"And then to bring Bonnie to the Dark Dimension with you – I don't care if you didn't want to waste opening the Gate or not. You knew you shouldn't be taking her here.† Damon was angry now. â€Å"I – â€Å" But Elena cut him off without even hesitating. â€Å"Then once you drag her here you abandon her. You leave her terrified, alone, in a room where she's not even al owed to look out of the window, with a col ection of star bal s that you don't even bother to examine – but which are completely unsuitable and give her nightmares! You – â€Å" â€Å"If the little dolt had just had the sense to wait quietly – â€Å" â€Å"What? What did you say? â€Å" â€Å"I said, if the little dolt had just had the sense – â€Å" Stefan, who was already on the move, shut his eyes briefly. He opened them again in time to see the slap and to feel Elena putting al her Power into it. It snapped Damon's head around. What astonished him – even though he positioned himself precisely in case of it – was to see Damon's hand flash up as quick as a cobra's strike. There was no fol ow-through, but Stefan had already picked Elena up bodily and pul ed her back out of range. â€Å"Let go!†Elena cried, struggling to get out of Stefan's arms, or at least get her feet on the ground. â€Å"I'm going to kill him!† The next astonishing thing – discontinuing the raw fury that Stefan could feel coursing through Elena's aura – was that Elena was actual y winning the struggle, despite the fact that he was orders of magnitude stronger than she was. Part of it had to do with the towel, which was threatening to drop at any moment. The other part was that Elena had acquired a unique style of fighting stronger opponents – at least those with any conscience. She deliberately threw herself against any point at which it would hurt her to restrain her, and she didn't give up. Eventual y he was going to have to choose between injuring her and letting her go. At that moment, however, Elena stopped moving. She froze, head turned as she looked behind him. Stefan glanced backward too, and felt an electrical shock shoot through him. Bonnie was standing directly behind them, looking at Damon, her lips parted in anguish, tears in her wide brown eyes and streaming down her cheeks. Instantly, even before he could register Elena's pleading glance, Stefan released her. He understood: Her mood and the dynamics of this situation had just been turned upside down. Elena adjusted her towel and turned to Bonnie, but by then Bonnie was running away down the corridor. Elena's longer strides al owed her to reach Bonnie in a moment and she caught the smal er girl and held her, not so much by force as by sisterly magnetism. â€Å"Don't worry about that snake, â€Å"Elena's voice came back to them clearly, as it was obviously meant to. â€Å"He's a – â€Å"And here Elena indulged in some very creative cursing. Stefan could hear al of it distinctly and noticed that it broke off into tiny hushing sounds just as Elena turned into the door of the bathing salon. Stefan glanced sideways at Damon. He didn't mind fighting his brother in the least right now; he was ful of rage himself on behalf of Bonnie. But Damon ignored him as if he were part of the wal paper, staring at nothing with an expression of icy fury. At that moment Stefan heard a faint sound from the farthest end of the corridor, which was quite a distance away. But his vampire senses informed him that surely the person in front was a woman of consequence, probably their hostess. He stepped forward so that at least she could be greeted by someone who was wearing clothing. However, at the last moment, Elena and Bonnie appeared in front of him, clad in dresses – gowns, rather – that were both casual and works of genius. Elena's was an informal robe of deep lapis blue, with her hair drying into a soft golden mass around her shoulders. Bonnie was wearing something shorter and lighter: pale violet, shot with threads of silver in no particular pattern. Both outfits, Stefan grasped suddenly, would look as good in the interminable sunlight as in a closed room with no windows and gas lamps. He remembered the stories Elena had told about Lady Ulma designing gowns for her, and he realized that whatever else his hostess might be, she was truly a genius couturier. And then Elena was running, dainty gold sandals flying, and Bonnie's silver slippers were fol owing and Stefan began to run too, fearing some unknown danger. They al arrived at the far end of the hal way at the same time, and Stefan saw that the woman standing there was dressed even more splendidly than the girls. She was wearing a deep red raw silk gown with a heavy diamond-and-ruby necklace and ring – but no bracelets. The next minute the girls were both curtseying, deep, graceful curtseys. Stefan made his best bow. Lady Ulma held out both hands to Elena, who seemed to be almost frantic over something that Stefan didn't understand. Elena took the extended hands, breathing quickly and shal owly. â€Å"Lady Ulma – you're so thin – â€Å" Just then the babbling of a baby could be heard. Elena's face lit up and she smiled at Lady Ulma, letting out a quick breath. A young servant – even younger-looking than Bonnie – gently put a tiny bundle made of lace and sheerest lawn into Lady Ulma's arms. Both Elena and Bonnie blinked away tears, al the while beaming at the child and making little nonsense noises. Stefan could understand that – they'd known the Lady since she was a whip-torn slave, trying not to miscarry. â€Å"But how – ?†Elena began spluttering. â€Å"We saw you only a few days ago, but this baby is months old – â€Å" â€Å"A few days? Is that how long it seems to you?†asked Lady Ulma. â€Å"To us, it has been many months. But the magic Stillworks, Elena! Your magic remained! It was an easy delivery – easy! And then Dr. Meggar says that you saved me before she suffered injury from the abuse I went through. She is trying to speak already! It is you, Elena, it is your magic!† At this the Lady made a movement as if to kneel at Elena's feet. She got no farther than a few inches, though, because Elena caught her hands, crying, â€Å"Lady Ulma, no!†while Stefan, at his best speed, slipped beside the girl servant and caught the Lady by her elbows, supporting her weight. â€Å"And I'm not magic,†Elena added. â€Å"Stefan, tel her that I'm not magic.† Obediently, Stefan leaned toward the ear of the tal woman. â€Å"Elena is the most magic I've ever encountered,†he stage-whispered. â€Å"She has Powers that I can't even understand.† â€Å"Ahh!† Elena made a wordless exclamation of frustration. â€Å"Do you know what I'm naming her?†the Lady continued. Her face, if not conventional y beautiful, was striking, with an aristocratic combination of Roman nose and high cheekbones. â€Å"No.†Elena smiled – and then â€Å"No!†Elena cried. â€Å"Please! Don't condemn her to a life of expectations and terror. Don't tempt anyone to hurt her while she's Stilla child. Oh, Lady Ulma!† â€Å"But my dear savior†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then Elena began to manage things. Once she took a situation in hand there was no way not to go with the flow of it. â€Å"Lady Ulma,†she said clearly, â€Å"forgive me for interfering in your affairs. But Bonnie has told me – â€Å"She stopped, hesitated. â€Å"Of the troubles of strong and hopeful young girls, for the most part poor or enslaved, who have taken on the names of the three bravest young women who ever graced our world,†Lady Ulma finished for her. â€Å"Something like that,†Elena said, flushing. â€Å"Nobody's cal ing themselves Damon,†put in the young nurse cheerful y and with the utmost goodwil . â€Å"Neither boys nor girls.† Stefan could have kissed her. â€Å"Oh, Lakshmi!†Elena hugged the coltish-looking teenager. â€Å"I didn't even see you properly. Let me look at you.†She held the girl at arm's length. â€Å"Do you know, you've grown at least an inch since I last saw you?† Lakshmi beamed. Elena turned back to Lady Ulma. â€Å"Yes, I am afraid for the child. Why not cal her Ulma?† The patrician lady half shut her eyes. â€Å"Because, my dear Elena, Helena, Aliena, Al iana, Laynie, El a – I would not wish ‘Ulma'on anyone, much less my lovely daughter.† â€Å"Why not cal her Adara?†Lakshmi put in suddenly. â€Å"I always thought that was pretty, since I was a kid.† There was a silence – almost a stunned silence. Then Elena said, â€Å"Adara – it's a lovely name.† â€Å"And not at alldangerous,†Bonnie said. Stefan said, â€Å"It wouldn't stop her from starting a revolution if she wanted to.† There was a pause. Everyone looked at Damon, who was looking out the window expressionlessly. Everyone waited. He final y turned. â€Å"Oh, excel ent,†he said blankly, clearly having no idea – and less interest – in what they were talking about. â€Å"Oh come on, Damon.†Bonnie's eyes were Stillswol en, but she spoke brightly. â€Å"Make it unanimous! That way Lady Ulma wil be sure.†Good God, Stefan thought, she must be the most forgiving girl in the universe. â€Å"Certainly, then,†Damon said indifferently. â€Å"Forgive us,†Elena said tightly to the room in general. â€Å"We've all been going through a bit of a hard time.† That gave Lady Ulma her cue. â€Å"Of course you have,†she said, smiling the smile of one who has known bitter suffering. â€Å"Bonnie has told us of the destruction of your town. I am deeply sorry. What you need now is food and rest. I'l have someone conduct you to your rooms.† â€Å"I should have introduced Stefan at the start, but I was so worried I forgot to,†Elena said. â€Å"Stefan, this is Lady Ulma, who was so good to us before. Lady Ulma – Well, you know who this is.†She went on tiptoe to kiss Stefan lingeringly. Lingeringly enough that Stefan had to gently detach her and put her down. He was almost frightened at this display of bad manners. Elena was really angry at Damon. And if she didn't forgive him, the scenes would only continue to escalate – and if he was right, Elena was truly getting closer to being able to cast Wings of Destruction. He didn't even consider asking Damon to forgive anyone. After the girls had whispered raptures over the baby again, they were conducted to opulent bed chambers, each furnished in excel ent taste, down to the smal est decoration. As usual, though, they al congregated in one room, which happened to be Stefan's. There was more than enough space on the bed for the three of them to sit or flop. Damon wasn't present but Stefan would bet his undead life that he was listening in. â€Å"All right,†Elena said briskly, and went into storytel ing mode. She explained to Bonnie everything that had happened through their taking the Master Keys from Shinichi and Misao, to their flight to Lady Ulma's bathing chamber. â€Å"To have so much Power suddenly torn away from you in an instant†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Bonnie had her head down, and it wasn't hard to guess who she was thinking about. She looked up. â€Å"Please, Elena. Don't be so angry at Damon. I know he's done some bad things – but he's been so unhappy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"That's no excuse,†Elena began. â€Å"And, frankly, I'm – â€Å" Don't, Elena! Don't tell her that you're ashamed of her for putting up with it! She's already ashamed of herself! â€Å"I'm surprised at him,†Elena said with only the smal est hesitation. â€Å"I know for a fact that he cares for you. He even has a pet name for you: his little redbird.† Bonnie sniffed. â€Å"You always say that pet names are stupid.† â€Å"Well, but I meant names like – oh – if he cal ed you ‘Bonbon'or something.† Bonnie's head came up. â€Å"Even that would be okay for the baby,†she said, with a sudden smile, like a rainbow after a storm. â€Å"Oh, yes, isn't she adorable? I never saw such a happy baby. Margaret used to just look at you with big eyes. Adara – if she is Adara – should have such a happy life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stefan settled back against the headboard. Elena had the situation in hand. Now he could worry about where Damon was going. After a moment he tuned back in, to find Bonnie talking about treasure. â€Å"And they kept asking me and asking me and I couldn't figure out why since the star bal with the story on it was right there. Only the story is gone now – Damon checked. Shinichi was going to throw me out the window, and that was when Damon rescued me, and the Guardians asked me about the story too.† â€Å"Strange,†Stefan said, sitting up alertly. â€Å"Bonnie, tel me how you first felt this story; where you were and al .† Bonnie said, â€Å"Well, first I saw a story about a little girl named Marit going to buy a sugarplum – that was why I tried to do the same thing the next day. And then I went to bed, but I couldn't sleep. So then I picked up the star bal again and it showed me the story about the kitsune treasures. The stories are shown in order, so it had to be the one right after the sweetshop story. And then suddenly I was out of my body, and I was flying with Elena right over Alaric's car.† â€Å"Did you do anything in between experiencing the story and going to bed?†Stefan asked. Bonnie thought; her rosebud mouth pursed. â€Å"I suppose I turned down the gas lamp. Every night I would turn the lamp way down so that it was only a flicker.† â€Å"And did you turn it back up again when you couldn't sleep and reached for the star bal again?† â€Å"Um†¦no. But they're not books! You don't have to see to experience a story.† â€Å"That wasn't what I meant. How did you find the star bal in that dim room? Was it the only star bal on the floor near you?† Bonnie's brows came together. â€Å"Well †¦no. There were twenty-six. Two others were hideous; I'd kicked those into a corner. Twenty-five were soap operas – so boring. It's not as if I had shelves or anywhere else to put them – â€Å" â€Å"Bonnie, do you want to know what I think happened?† Bonnie blinked and nodded. â€Å"I think that you read a children's story and then you went to bed. And you actual y fel asleep very quickly, even though you dreamed you were awake. Then you dreamed a premonition – â€Å" Bonnie groaned. â€Å"Another one of those? But there wasn't even anyone to tel it to then!† â€Å"Exactly. But you wanted to tel it to someone, and that longing brought you – your spirit – to where Elena was. But Elena was so worried about getting word across to Alaric that she was having an out-of-body experience. She'd been asleep too, I'm sure of it.†Stefan looked at Elena. â€Å"What do you think of that?†

Comparing tajfel’s social identity theory and scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice Essay

The issue of comparing and contrasting Tajfel’s theory of social identity and the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice is a very controversial issue subject to debate .The theories are like one and the same thing though they are different as show be noted as the debate goes on.The main difference is that scapegoating mainly touches on the rivals of in-group against out-group while social identity theory bases on the individual rivalry against individual and both have got a negative prejudice effect. Barbara (1997) reiterates that prejudice by definition is an attitude usually negative toward a member of some other group solely on prejudice the membership in that group . Feldman explains prejudice in the sense that when two groups want to achieve the same goal but both groups cannot get hostility is due to happen .For example increased competition of various groups in times of economic crisis may be one of the factors leading to prejudice .Tajfel (1971) believes that the scapegoating theory is not adequate in explaining prejudice and he also uses a social identity theory . However Tajfel et al (1971) argue that competition is not sufficient for inter-groups conflict and hostility .Tajfel does not deny the importance of competition between groups as explanation for the origins of prejudice but argues that mere perception of the existence of another group can itself produce discrimination .Tajfel et al goes on to say that before any discrimination occur ,people must be categorized as members of in-groups or out-groups but more significantly the very act of of categorization by itself produces conflict and discrimination leading to negative prejudice . Therefore from the above analysis one can be tempted to say that the origins of prejudice in both social identity theory and scapegoating theory arise from the same nature to a greater extent as noted in the argument in question though they might be some differences but to a lesser extent. Moreover, scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice asserts that people or groups seeks to displace their anger on the weaker people or groups .When the weaker group sees that its being dehumanized or being regarded as inferior scapegoating has entered in the danger zone which will eventually lead to the aggression of the out-group. However Tajfel’s social identity theory suggest that individuals strive for self image and social identity that is influenced by the value categorized by a group an individual belongs .Therefore from the aforementioned analysis one might be tempted to conclude that the spirit of pride within one group and an individual’s ego perpetuated by a group an individual belongs may leads to prejudice as expulsed in the argument above. In addition , basing on the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice ,pain and frustration only often evoke hostility for example the native Africans were allocated land in reserves which was very infertile and this led to the First Chimurenga war when the natives fought the whites blaming them for drought and other misfortunes that they were facing as a result of their presence .In contrast to the above theory, Myers(2008) elucidates that the social identity theory in explaining prejudice suggest that individuals in a group come to develop a sense of their identity that is anchored within in-group . Therefore .from the information above one might tempted to clear that both of the two theories asserts that as a result of aggression by scapegoating and in-group development development as supported by Tajfel(1971) elaborates the concept of prejudice though they vary to a lesser extent as exhibited in the argument in question. More so, Healey (2006) pontificates that the scapegoating theory targets for the displaced aggression vary, for example failure by the government of Zimbabwe to run the economy that led to hyper-inflationary epoch many Zimbabweans blamed the sanctions for the economic turmoil and the Europeans as the oppressors but were there to blame for economic crisis in actual sense and this poses a question to many people . Moreover, in the early 1980s people vented their anger to the witchcraft tradition and leading to the masquerading of tsikamutandas to uproot witches in societies and people who were presumed to be witches were humiliated or forced to drink a concoction and if the witch belongs to in-group and another one from out-group  favoritism was bound to happen leading to someone being unfairly treated due to favoritism .The South Africans felt the shortage of employment in their country is because of Zimbabweans saying that they are taking all jobs thus leading to xenophobia attacks on Zimbabweans and in that essence it evokes prejudice between the in-group and out-group. On the other side of the coin ,Faney (2004) alludes that the social identity theory furnishes favoritism among in-groups and out-groups. The theory asserts that as groups are formed ,they come to develop a culture of patriotism towards themselves and to discriminate against out-groups .therefore , from the aforesaid assertions one might be tempted to alludes that prejudice arise from favoritism and displaced aggression as exposed in both theories above . Furthermore , Tajfel (1971) suggests that resource allocation is done unequally ,in particular they will favor their own group at the expense of out-group .This suggest that the tendency in-favor of in-group may be especially powerful if the in-group feels to be minority .In addition the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice propounds that for instance in Zimbabwe ,opposition to immigration since 1990 has gone up and down following the hijacking unemployment rate . Moreover ,the scapegoating theory and social identity theory explain the concept of prejudice in a different dimension as noted above in the argument in question though some very small similarities were noted but since the explanations outwit the similarities one might be tempted to conclude that both theories in explaining prejudice they differ immensely . To add more flesh to the bones , the social identity theory presumes that as people hear the views of a group they are bound to change their own views to suite of the in-group and one school of thought believes that similarities within groups will ultimately lend itself to polarization among groups .Members of the in-group will try to make themselves look unique from out-group as they endeavor this uniqueness to prove a spirit of social identity . For example if l am a soccer fan and we are discussing the play of the play of an opposing team , l might advocate for my team that plays much better than the opposing team .However the scapegoating theory reiterates that the strongest anti-black prejudice has occurred among whites who stay  much closer to blacks on the socio-economic hierarchy . For instance the whites who protested for the industrial conciliation act enactment are the whites who were feeling threatened by the black society and those white who were on top of the socio-economic hierarchy felt no intimidation by blacks .there, as thus discussed above one might possibly say that it is clear from the aforesaid argument that scapegoating and social identity theory can explain prejudice from various angles as expulsed in the argument in question . Moreover , Tajfel (1971) asserts that the personal identity deteriorates and social identity become focal in the sense that people have a feeling of themselves individually and as part of the group they belong and in doing so their group identity comes to the central core of their prejudice and they ceases to pay more attention on the individual characteristics of out-group .Furthermore , scapegoating pontificates that the clash of interest may result in prejudice and anyone who is not satisfied with himself is always ready for a revenge .For example Floyd May-weather might always feel that he can outclass Pacquino despite losing to him and every time is ready for a revenge match so as to claim his status as a champion . Therefore , from the above analysis one might be tempted to conclude scapegoating and social identity theory are somehow different though clearly explaining the concept of prejudice as noted in the aforesaid assertions . In summation ,It does not need a rocket scientist to discover that competition to prestige, social recognition ,water, land ,jobs and some other resources may precipitates aggression which will eventually turn into prejudice in both theories scapegoating and social individual theory .However , it is an abortion of factual evidence to sidestep the differences such as displaced aggression , feelings of in-group and out-groups , favoritism among in-groups and out-groups and just to mention but a few were addressed as differences of social identity and scapegoating theory as exhibited in the argument in question in explaining the concept of prejudice. ` Tatenda Nyoka is a student at Great Zimbabwe Zimbabwe University and can be contacted on tatendanyoka@gmail.com

Leadership in organizations

Leadership in organizations Leadership is the ability of a person in charge to influence the mannerisms of his/her juniors in ranking, in a positive manner to compel them to follow his/her directions. Effective leadership is essential in any organization for success to be a habit. Good leadership is like a black smith’s fire.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It transforms potential into reality with little compromise, and this is a necessity in any organization that is to survive for the foreseeable future. Leadership relies on evolution, to bring new strategies suitable to the ever changing organization environment. The environment has a push effect if the response to the stimuli is inadequate. Organizations tend to stumble if not fail as a whole (Northouse, 4). A good leader is charismatic. In all situations, good leaders make others feel good about them by bringing out the be st. Commitment is also an indispensable trait. This is because excellence is not in a performance but the building of a habit of pure success. Communication is vital to a leader because it allows all organs of an organization to perform at optimal levels and troubleshoot quickly in case of underachievement. All levels in an organization need to interact effectively to achieve success. Information flow should not be hampered by rank imposed barriers for this tends to break water down the improvements communication brings. Competence is also vital. An efficient leader achieves this by planning, following through to the latter, and achieving without compromise his set of goals. A good leader is a good listener. The ability to set good goals comes from the ability to receive input whether good or bad from the effectors. Positive response is essential to this stimulus for a leader to be excellent (Bose, 164). Management techniques have helped develop leadership theories for organizations . Several theories are benefactors to this fact. Trait theory is one of the leadership theories that were commonly in use, in the past. This theory has a superman trait describing the leader. The leader has traits comparable to none within the organization. The flaw of this theory is in stating that leaders are a product of inheritance but not of the environment. The second common theory is the behavioral theory. This states that leaders are a product of the environment and not product of inheritance. This acknowledges the environment as a shaping factor of an individual’s traits. It also accepts that good leaders learn and perfect what they learn.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Participative theory is the third common theory. This theory involves everybody in the organization. Decisions are a product of consensus of all people within the organization. Its pillar is that active participation increases output levels above board. This theory also tames competition as it fosters group work within the elements of the organization. Several refinements of this theory are available, but the greatest drawback is that decision making is extremely slow. The fourth common theory is situational leadership. This states that the best decisions are factors of current conditions. It defines an effective leader as one un-bound by common procedure, but one able to toggle between many decisions dependent on the unique situation. Situational leadership is sensitive to the leader and organizational members (Winkler, 75). All these are constituents of an effective and responsive leader in an organization. Thus, they underpin good leadership and achievement of organizational goals. Bose, D C. Principles of Management and Administration. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India, 2002. Print. Northouse, Peter G. Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2010. Print. Winkler, Ingo. Contemporary Leadership Theories: Enhancing the Understanding of the  Complexity, Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership. Berlin: Physica-Verlag, 2010. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds by William Shakespeare Essays

Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds by William Shakespeare Essays Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds by William Shakespeare Paper Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds by William Shakespeare Paper Basically, this poem is about love, but here shakespeare has discussed the love which is in his mind. you may disagree with him if you like. The first stanza in this poem is a quatrain and its rhyme scheme is abab. Shakespeare uses alliteration, assonance, consonance, and repetition to develop this stanza, which, as a whole, states that love does not change. The first line contains an example of alliteration in the words â€Å"me,† â€Å"marriage,† and â€Å"minds. † In this line, he is referring to love as â€Å"the marriage of true minds. † He uses the alliteration of the â€Å"m† sound to draw attention to his view of love as being a type of marriage. The words â€Å"admit† and â€Å"impediments† in the second line are examples of both assonance and consonance because of the identical â€Å"i† and â€Å"m† sounds. The second, third, and fourth lines of this stanza contain repetition. â€Å"Love,† â€Å"alter,† and â€Å"remove† are repeated to put emphasis on the points that he is trying to make. He is saying that if a person is really in love he or she would not have to make changes in their lover to make themselves happy, and that love cannot be taken back. The second stanza of this poem is a quatrain with a rhyme scheme of cdcd. This stanza contains assonance, a very clever metaphor, and personification in stating that love is ever-lasting and can be used as a guide in life. The words â€Å"star† and â€Å"bark† in line eight of the poem contain assonance of the â€Å"a† sound. Shakespeare uses this assonance to bring attention to the metaphor he is using, which compares love to the North Star, which is a guide for ships. By following their hearts, people can use love as a guide to get them through life. Also, the North Star is relatively permanent, and Shakespeare says love is an â€Å"ever-fixed mark† in line five of the poem. Line eight refers to a star when it says â€Å"Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken. † Stars have neither ownership nor a set gender, so this line contains personification. Shakespeare speaks of love as if it were human to express the importance of it. The third stanza of this poem is another quatrain and its rhyme scheme is efef. Personification, assonance, and consonance help to get the point across that love is independent of time. In lines eight and nine, Shakespeare says â€Å"Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks within his bending sickle’s compass come. Even though beauty fades with time, love does not. Shakespeare personifies time to help express that love does not operate on any specific clock. He even capitalizes â€Å"Time† as if it were a real person’s name. He also personifies death in line nine when he refers to the bending sickle, which would be the weapon of the infamous reaper. Death can t ake away physical traits, but not true love. Shakespeare intentionally expresses his view of love as not yielding to time or any other force. The use of the words â€Å"but† and â€Å"bear† in line twelve of the poem is an example of alliteration. Shakespeare uses these words to help express that love can survive anything on its own despite the pressures and influences of time. The fourth and final stanza of this poem is a couplet with a rhyme scheme of gg. In this stanza, the poet-speaker boasts how confident he is in his opinion of love, suggesting that if his opinion is wrong, no one has ever loved. In line fourteen, the poet-speaker declares â€Å"I never writ, nor no man ever loved. † The words â€Å"never,† â€Å"no,† and â€Å"nor† are an example of alliteration. These negative words are used to strengthen the poet-speaker’s certainty of his opinion of love. Line fourteen also has internal rhyme. â€Å"Never† and â€Å"ever† are positioned before the word â€Å"loved†. Shakespeare uses this internal rhyme to make it clear that the speaker has full faith in his own words. William Shakespeare’s poem â€Å"Sonnet 116 is an excellent poem. Using multiple literary tools, such as metaphors, personification, and internal rhyme, Shakespeare has created a masterpiece that describes love by what it is and is not. Because of the brilliant use of tools and flow in this poem, it will remain one of the best poems ever written.

Merit system raises vs. Performance raises Essay

Merit system raises vs. Performance raises - Essay Example Key steps are the main reason to have resulted in the expansion and estimated increase of the annual monetary value contrary to the reduction of annual monetary in the field (Bernanke, 2006). Firstly, the expansion of services of the Agency to South Carolina, secondly, the acquisition of Family Resources, Inc. of Beaufort, SC, which also resulted in staff increase. Finally, it is the strategies that are followed to sensor the environment for needs and adapt to provide solutions following even a restructure in organization hierarchy or proper use of information (Choo, 2001). Growing Home Southeast complied with the former by monitoring client needs to increase productivity and acquiring new skills. Growing Home Southeast is recommended to adopt the merit raise program to further increase productivity. The merit pay program is based on salary increase according to employee productivity and effectiveness (Silva, 1998). As one increases so does the other. Salary increments are not removed if productivity reduces employees therefore, are constantly motivated to achieve high performance. Bearing in mind such a payment program, it is implied that the selling product is appealing to the customer; not even the best marketing approaches can guarantee effective purchases of an indifferent product. Merit pay system is a performance-based system falling under this wider category.

Human Rights According to Adolf Hitler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Rights According to Adolf Hitler - Essay Example The Napoleonic France and Nazi Germany depict authorities that struggled to their death as new states were born. This paper will therefore compare and contrast excerpts from Hitler’s speech and French national assembly declaration of human rights. The definition of human rights has raised numerous controversies in the new era of democracies (Docker 121). It is evident that every regime has its own definition of human rights. In addition, different countries or governments cannot share their ideologies concerning human rights. For instance, the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq were initiated in the disguise of human rights. According to the Americans, toppling authoritarian Taliban led regime was a way of promoting human rights in Afghanistan. However, the move might not have had a similar implication to the Afghan people. Similarly, the two excerpts demonstrate the conflicting views of human rights according to Hitler and the French national assembly declaration of man and human rights. According to Adolf Hitler, human right should be an aspect of survival. Thus, every individual should struggle to ensure that he or she lives according to his own definition of human rights. Hitler believed that â€Å"The fundamental motif [theme] through all the centuries has been the principle that force and power are the determining factors... This indicates that citizens need to understand their rights for the government to be able to implement human rights on its citizens. According to the extract on the French national assembly human rights declaration, â€Å"the assembly was organized believing that ignorance, neglect or contempt of the rights of man is the main cause of public misfortune.† This indicates that the French believed in the self-made human rights while the Nazi Germans believed in a regime sustained human rights. Hitler’s’ elimination of the Jewish people was inspired by his definition of human rights (Quist-Adade web). His involvement in World War I was a symbol of his devotion to the human rights of the Germans. Although Hitler came into power through democratic elections, he did not believe that the people had the rights to choose their leaders through elections. His support for a democratic election was a scheme to gain control of the country. After gaining power, Hitler imposed a dictatorial authority over Germany until his death in April 1945. Hitler’s speech indicates his resistance towards democracy. In fact, Hitler can be described as a symbol of anti-democracy. On the other hand, the French national assembly of human right supports democracy. The assembly supports a people driven democracy or democracy that is based on people’s understanding of their human rights. On the other hand, Hitler considered the regime as the paramount determinant of human right. Thus, a regime has the right to impose its own definition of democracy on the people. However, from the French national assembly on human rights, the citizens are vital in the formation of a government. Thus â€Å" they saw government as a creation of the people, when the social contract had been broken, then the

Prince Tan of Yen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prince Tan of Yen - Essay Example Although it was quite difficult to figure out the way he could manage to fight such a strong King, he worked relentlessly and sought the advice of the wise men of Yen in the way that he could manage this task. After a long period of planning, the revenge plan failed and Tan had to remain in this state of shame. In reality, revenge is not the end of shame, but a beginning of shame itself. When the revenge plan of Tan failed, he was left more disgraced that he had ever been.  The Prince of Tan, after his release, felt very disgraced after his release after a long period of the hostage. The way the Prince managed to get out captivity seems to be more of a miracle than a win. When he requested to be released, the king expressed the hopelessness of such an instance by telling Tan to turn the Crow heads to turn white and the horses to grow horns (Ma and Lau 43). Surprising the Prince managed and the king had to let him go. The question that arises here is as to whether the Prince should appreciate his release or get into more problems by launching revenge. He hastily organizes a revenge attack against Chin, for which Chu Wu warns against the danger of confronting the strong king without considering the consequences. Tien Kuang, one of his advisor, also termed the issue a matter of grave for the state that needed long thinking (45). Although the two are willing to help in the planning process, they still fear the consequences of the matter. When Chu Wu and Tien Kuang go to kill the king, they end up being fooled and lose the battle (45-49). At the end, this mission becomes a disgrace for both Yen and Fan Yu Chi, another character that was obsessed with revenge for his family.  A keen observation of the story of the Prince of Yen shows that revenge is a source of disgrace rather than a source of exaltation. Although the Prince of Yen had shamelessly suffered from the torture from the King of Chin, it would have been better if he did not plan the revenge attack.

School System Essay Example for Free

School System Essay I. Introduction In this chapter, the researchers would like to propose an automated billing system in AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC) College of Gapan City, Nueva Ecija. In our generation so many things are different. The advent of technology has changed the way we live, work and spends leisure time. Computer was considered the lifeblood of society; they are everywhere. And the advancement in discoveries, both in hardware and software, keep coming, day in and day out. Technology changes and improves at a rapid pace and companies and institutions have cope with it. This is because as the latest knowledge of development in computer technology grows people’s standard increase. They seek and crave for better and more efficient ways to accomplish tedious task. The group of Companies was built upon the dream of the late Amable M. Aguiluz Sr. (AMA), Auditor General and National Treasurer during the term of President Diosdado Macapagal, to build an institution that would provide world-class education to Filipino y0uth. That dream bore fruit on October 20, 1980 when his son Dr. Amable R. Aguiluz V. (ARA), established the AMA Institute of Computer Studies and blazed the trail for popular computer education in the country. Originally located along Show Boulevard, the pioneering school offered EDP Fundamentals, Basic Programming and Technology Career courses. In June 1981, AMA Computer College (AMACC) was launched offering a four-year degree course in BS Computer Science – the first to be offered in the country. From only 13 students, the population of AMACC surged to 600 in 1983 and to 1985. To meet the growing demand for computer courses, AMACC established its first campus in Makati in 1983. A second campus followed in 1986 in project 8, Quezon City. In 1987, AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC) was established to offer short courses in computer programming and two-year technical vocational courses. Today, there are today more than 100 learning centers nationwide. In the same year, AMA Basic Education was formed to offer courses elementary, high school and eventually pre-school education. Now known as the St. Augustine International School, its branches are located in Metro Manila, Laguna, Cebu, and Davao. In 1996, AMA set up the AMA Telecommunications and Electronics Learning Center (AMATEL) – the country’s first-ever telecommunications school. It is now called AMA International Institute of Technology (AIIT). In 1998, ABE International Business was established to offer courses in Hotel and Restaurant Management (HRM), Business Administration and computer-related courses. Today, ABE has several branches nationwide. ABE is an international school affiliated with ABE in the United Kingdom. It offers not just local, but also international diploma and international practicum program. The AMA school network also expanded overseas with branches in Los Angeles, California; Manama; Bahrain; Bangladesh; China; and Hong Kong. In 2000, AMAES launched its most ambitious expansion program with no less than 14 branches being set up nationwide. To help it graduates finds employment, AMA established in the same year its own manpower placement agency called INFOTECH Professional Services Inc. The year 2002 saw AMA expanding into maritime education, medicine, nursing, care-giving and allied health courses. Now, the Norwegian maritime Academy (NMA), the AMA school of Medicine (ASM), and the St. Augustine School of Nursing (SASN) are making a mark in their respective fields with IT-based curricula. AMA Education System (AMAES) – the umbella for AMA schools, currently boasts of more than 200 branches nationwide and in key foreign cities. It has proudly produced more than 150,000 professionals who have been gainfully employed locally and overseas. On August 20, 2002, AMA was granted University status by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) – a well-earned tribute to the first ISO-certificated computer educational Institution in the Philippines. Founding Chairman Dr. Amable R. Aguiluz V was installed as the first AMA University president. The billing system throughout the school has relied on pens and papers. The information of the students with regards to their billings, school fees, projected additional expenses, and other expenses within the year are done computing using pens and papers, they have a computer to encode the billing information, using the V-Look UP and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Due to manual usage, they noticed that certain problems cannot be avoided like data redundancies, missing records of the students. Furthermore, some could not be able to handle the massive volume of the students. Under the old manual billing scenarios, getting rid of paper improves efficiency, reduces human errors and allow information to flow to their system without a time consuming data input process. And also a higher student turnaround as enrollees will be saved faster. And as the population of ACLC continues to grow, many difficulties in handling their billing in a manual process and one of the solution in this problem is to make their manual billing into a computerized system. With this, the proponent of this research sought to find the way to facilitate all the students billing records â€Å"an automated billing system† to replace the manual operations. The developer wants to improve especially to meet the needs of ACLC, also through this system, billing information is easily obtained hence, school tends to rely less in manual operations. II. Statement of the Problems The proponents would like to develop the ACLC to address the following problems of their school in terms of their billing system. 1. How the proposed enrollment system will help the school? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the current manual enrollment to the proposed enrollment system? 3. How the proposed system helps the daily operations of the school? 4. How can ACLC come up to the solution that may possibly solve their manual enrollment process? 5. Who are those beneficiaries of the proposed billing system? 6. What are the difference in using the current and the proposed system? III. Objectives of the Study Creating a computerized enrollment system of ACLC is the main objective of the study. The following are the specific goals: 1. To develop the system that will minimize the processing time in accessing records, and calculating fees of students. 2. To provide a proper computer-based database for ACLC. 3. To build a user-friendly system that produces accurate and error-free data results. 4. To monitor the integration of the different operations, which includes billing data, database system, and payments, it is a need for computerization. 5. To secure all the billings, payments, fees of the students. 6. To lighten the load of the staff in accessing records. 7. To improve their billing system. IV. Scope and Delimitation The study covers the billing process in ACLC (AMA Computer Learning System). The centered on means of speeding up the billing report, computation of transactions of billing. This study will be a great help in converting the manual system to computerized system for great speed retrieval. The system developed in such way that the company will be able to obtain the following: Maintain the complete files in computerized form, prepare billing report in an easiest way, updates record time to time. The proposed system has the limitations, does not include time to time printing of transactions and does not retrieve data if have power interruption. V. Significance of the Study In the development of the study, the main goal of the developer is to develop a program that could be beneficial to as many people as possible. The computerized billing system is developed to provide constructive significance to the following: The Registrar – Student registration or enrolling will going to be much easier because of the proposed system, saving student files and adding subjects is convenient and faster. The Cashier To make their work easy and also they could handle all the billings of the students without time consuming data input process and can make the computation of every transaction in the easiest way. The Proponents the development of the system challenges the programming skills of the researchers whereby searching for a new programming platform to make the common and simple program through a more sophisticated and advance approach. Students they will accommodate in a short period of time during setting up their bill immediately. Management of the School – it helps to organize and supervise its company especially the students who give fund to operate the school properly in the process of giving correct billing. Parents – it helps them to know the total bill and load that their sons or daughters have for the whole semester and they are enrolled VI. Hypothesis of the Study The researchers will provide some predictions about the proposed billing system: 1. The proposed enrollment system will upgrade its manual enrollment process into an automated enrollment system. 2. It will lessen the works of the staff/ personnel through the help of proposed billing system. 3. The proposed system helps in minimizing the time and efforts and gives a convenient, more accurate, reliable, and there would be a consistent operations and procedures. 4. Through the help of proposed system, it will decrease the data handling errors of the students in their billings and information. 5. The proposed enrollment system could be the answer to the problems of the school in processing their billings. 6. The proposed enrollment system can change the current data management more efficient, secured, save more space for the office, handle or search student information easier and lessen data reiteration.