Saturday, September 7, 2019
Tutorial Linguistic Essay Example for Free
Tutorial Linguistic Essay I. Linguistics analysis Linguistic Pitfalls aims at settling some problems of sentence meaning by identifying what problems there is. Meaning-Incompleteness(éâ"â¢Ã§ ¾ ©): lack of reference point (parameter), and the sentence meaning becomes incomplete. Ambiguity(æ §Ã§ ¾ ©): more than one meaning in an expression, and the context cannot show which meaning it refers to. Vagueness(Ã¥ «Ã¦ · ·): some relative terms does not have a clear-cut boundary, and the expression becomes trivial. Reification(Ã¥ ¯ ¦Ã¥Å'â"): an abstract name is used as concrete name, and it may arouses confusion. Colored Expression(èââ"èⰠ²): a situation is described by emotive terms without reason or explanations Idiosyncratic Sense(çâ¢â"ç ¾ ©): use an abnormal meaning without explanation or announcement Whether it commits linguistic pitfalls, we have to identify if it offenses the PRINCIPLE and harms out thinking. II. Exercises Identify which pitfalls they commit with justifications. 1. æŸ è °Ã¥â ¡Ã¨ ¢ «Ã¦â° ¹Ã¨ ©â¢Ã¤ ºâ¹Ã¤ ºâ¹Ã¨ ¦ ªÃ¤ ¸ ï ¼Å'æŸ è °Ã¥â ¡Ã§âº ´Ã¨ ª ä ¸ è « ±Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ ¦Ã¤ ¸âè ª ªÃ¯ ¼Å¡Ã£â¬Å'ä ¸ Ã¥Å"â¹Ã¤ º ºÃ¨ ¦ ªÃ¤ ¸ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã§ â æâ°â¬Ã§â¢ ¶Ã§â ¶Ã§Å¡âãâ¬âã⬠2. æËâçÅ"â¹Ã©Å¸âåŠâ¡Ã¦Å"Æ'Ã¥â ï ¼Å'å⺠ç⠺æËâÃ¥ ¿Æ'è⦠¸Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£â¬âä ½â ä ½ ä ¸ ä ¸â¬Ã¦ ¨ £Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¦ ¿ «Ã¦Æ'â¦Ã£â¬ Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¦ËâÃ¥ â"Ã¥ ½ ±Ã©Å¸ ¿Ã£â¬â 3. Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¦ ª ¢Ã¨Ëâ°Ã¥ ®Ëè ³ ªÃ¥â¢ ä ¸â¹Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥â¦â¹Ã¦Å¾â"é âæⰠ¿Ã¨ ª æ⠫æ⠸ä »â"ä º ºÃ¨Æ' ¸Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥ Šç § èâ¢â¢Ã¤ » ¥Ã¥Ë ºÃ¦ ¿â¬Ã¤ »â"ä º ºÃ¦â¬ §Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¦Ë ¯Ã¦â¬ §Ã©â"Å"ä ¿âä ¸â¬Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥Ëâ ãâ¬âä ½â ç⢠¶Ã¨ ³ ªÃ¥â¢ ä »â"Ã¥ ° Ã¥ £Ã¤ º ¤Ã§Å¡âçÅ"â¹Ã¦ ³â¢Ã¦Ë ¤Ã¯ ¼Å'ä »â"ä ¸â¬Ã¥â Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã¨ ª ¿Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â¦ ¶Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã§ ¾ ©Ã¤ ¸ ï ¼Å'Ã¥ £Ã¤ º ¤Ã¤ ¸ ç ®â"æ⬠§Ã©â"Å"ä ¿âä ¸â¬Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥Ëâ ãâ¬âä »â"èËâ¡Ã¨ Šæ º «Ã¦â" ¯Ã¥Å¸ ºÃ¦ ²âæŠ"â°Ã¦â¬ §Ã©â"Å"ä ¿âãâ¬â 4. ä ¸ »Ã¥ ¸ ä ¸ æ » ¿Ã¨ ¨Ëèâ¬â¦Ã§Å¡âæ å⢠è ª ªÃ¯ ¼Å'ãâ¬Å'ä ½ Ã¥â¬âÃ¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ « ©Ã¤ ºâ ãâ¬âå⢠é ¡Å'Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ§ ° ¡Ã¥â" ®Ã¯ ¼Å'æÅ"â°Ã¦â¢âæ⺠´Ã¦Ë ¯Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã§Å"Ÿãâ¬âã⬠5. æŸ æ ¥Å Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¤ »â"çšâæ⺠¸Ã£â¬Å éâ Å"éâ¢â¹Ã§Å¡âä ¸ Ã¥Å"â¹Ã¤ º ºÃ£â¬â¹Ã¤ ¸ æÅ'â¡Ã¥â¡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å'ãâ¬Å'ä ¸ Ã¥Å"â¹Ã¤ º ºÃ¦Ë ¯Ã©â Å"éâ¢â¹Ã§Å¡âã⬠ï ¼Å'ä ½ è ª Ã¥ Å'Ã¥â"Žï ¼Å¸ 6. é⺠»Ã¨ ¨Å å⦠¬Ã¥ ¸Ã¥ » £Ã¥âŠï ¼Å¡Ã£â¬Å'æâ" °Ã¨ ¨ËåŠÆ'æ ¯ Ã¥Ëâ é Ëä ¾ ¿Ã¥ ®Å"ï ¼âæ ¯âºÃ©Å' ¢Ã£â¬âã⬠7. æŸ è ¶â¦Ã¥ ¸âÃ¥ » £Ã¥âŠè ª ç⠺ï ¼Å'è ² ¨Ã¥â æ ¸âºÃ¥Æ' ¹Ã¦Ë ¯Ã§â ºÃ¤ ½ Ã¥â¬âæ ¶Ëè ² »Ã¨â¬â¦Ã¦â" ¥Ã¦â" ¥Ã¨ ³ ºÃ©Å' ¢Ã£â¬â 8. é ¦â¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã© âÃ¥ ¹ ´(80Ã¥ ¾Å')Ã¦Ë ¯Ã¥ ¯Ã¦â¬â¢Ã§Å¡âÃ¥â¹â¢Ã¤ ºâÃ¥Ëâ Ã¥ ãâ¬â 9. çÆ' ¹Ã© £ ªÃ¦â¢â¢Ã¥ ¸ «Ã¦â¢â¢Ã¦Å½ËÃ¥ ¸Ã§âŸå ¦âä ½â¢Ã§â¦ ®Ã¦Å½âé ª ¨Ã¦â¢âï ¼Å'æÅ'â¡Ã¥â¡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å¡Ã£â¬Å'è ¦ åŠå⦠¥Ã© ©Ã©â¡ çšâé ¹ ½Ã¥âÅ'ç ³â"ãâ¬âã⬠10. æ⺠¼Ã¨ ¯Ã§â¢ ¼Ã¨ ¨â¬Ã¤ º ºÃ¦Å'â¡Ã¥â¡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¦âæžÅ"é ¦â¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã©ââ¬Ã¨ «â¹Ã¦âº ¼Ã¨ ¯Ã¥Ë °Ã© ¦â¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã¤ ½Å"è ³ ½Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¿â¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¦ ´ ¾Ã¥â¡ ºÃ¤ ¸ »Ã¥Å âºÃ§ Æ'å⠡ã⬠æÅ"â¬Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã©â¢ £Ã¥ ® ¹Ã¦ ±Ã¤ ¾â ãâ¬â 11. Ã¥ Æ'å⦠¬Ã¤ »âé ¢Ã¦Ë ¯Ã§â ¡Ã§âºÅ çšâãâ¬â 12. Ã¥ ¦âæžÅ"æââºÃ¦Æ'â¦Ã¥ â¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'æâ¬Å½Ã¦ ¨ £Ã§Å¡âè ¡ æâŠéÆ' ½Ã¤ ¸ è ®Å ï ¼âºÃ¥ ¦âæžÅ"æââºÃ¦Æ'â¦Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ â¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'æ ²âæÅ"â°Ã¨ ¡ æâŠéÆ' ½Ã¦Å"Æ'è ®Å ãâ¬â 13. ï ¼âï ¼ ï ¼ ï ¼ Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸â¬Ã¤ ½ è ¯Ã¦â"â¡Ã¦â°â¬Ã¥â ¡Ã¥ · ¥Ã£â¬Å'æÅ'â°Ã©Å' ¯Ã¦Å½ £Ã£â¬ ï ¼Å'把å ¾Å'Ã¥ââ¢Ã©âº »Ã¦ º éâ"Å"æŽâ°Ã¯ ¼Å'ä » ¤Ã©âº »Ã¨â¦ ¦Ã§ ³ »Ã§ µ ±Ã§â¢ ±Ã§Ëâï ¼Å'Ã¥ ¼â¢Ã¨â¡ ´Ã¨â ¡Ã§ ¥ ¨Ã¤ º ¤Ã¦ËâÃ¥ Å"ä ºâ ï ¼âï ¼ Ã¥Ëâ é Ëãâ¬âä ½â è ¯Ã¤ º ¤Ã¦â°â¬Ã¨ ¡Å'æ⠿ç ¸ ½Ã¨ £ Ã¥ ¾ èâ¬â¬Ã¨ ¯Ã¥ â¦Ã§ ¨ ±Ã©â¬â¢Ã¥ ªÃ¦Ë ¯Ã£â¬Å'ä º ºÃ¦â°â¹Ã¦â Ã¥ ¤â"ã⬠ï ¼Å'ä ¸ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã£â¬Å'ä º ºÃ§â ºÃ©Å' ¯
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